Financial Policy Definition - 1469 Words

Amartuul Turbat Professor Fillenwarth Financial Policy 11 March 2011 The Definitions Question 1-2; (1-1.a.b.) Proprietorship: is the entity owned by an individual who is only founder and manager of the company. Even though it does not pay tax for located states, proprietorship’s profits or loses reports on its owners’ annual tax reports. Despite the fact that proprietorship is easy to form and has seldom government regulations, its term of operation is directly depending on its founder life time (Ehrhardt and Brigham 5). In addition on proprietorship, a partnership is more flexible type which is a business relationship between several individuals who are similar desires to obtain the profits from the partnership’s operation.†¦show more content†¦Question 1-3 Intrinsic value is the true value of the organizations which based on real position of market share, company’s assets, and perception of the future. This value can be same as market value if factors are same in the estimation process. On the other hand, intrinsic value may be different from market value depending on information used in evaluation. For example, if management hides negative information, market value might be higher than intrinsic values (Ehrhardt and Brigham 9). Question 1-4 Edmund Enterprises recently made a large investment to upgrade its technology. Even though this investment cannot improve the income in short-term, it can reduce the production cost. Therefore, in short-term investment cost will increase in the â€Å"Income Statement† because of the new investment; as a result profits will decrease and company’s earnings per share will decrease. However, in the financial markets, this news affects positively on stock’s market price. Also, this investment can raise the company’s intrinsic value since it can reduce the production costs (Ehrhardt and Brigham 30). Question 1-5 Capital can be transferred by the direct and indirect ways. In direct ways only two sides participate. Savers can make investment direct into business, and business sells their securities to savers without other parties. On the other hand, investment bank or financial intermediaries can participate effectively in transfers ofShow MoreRelatedHealth Policy : Allocative Policy Vs. Regulatory Policy1260 Words   |  6 Pages Healthy Policy: Allocative Policy Vs. Regulatory Policy Jaiden Mercer October 1, 2015 Dr. R Abstract: Healthcare policy is dynamic and ever changing, especially in our society today with the many changes in government control, insurance company influence, and actual delivery of healthcare services. In order to corral our healthcare system and ensure that there is quality control amongst all populations, health policies must be put in place. Health policy is defined as many thingsRead MoreThe Definition Of Source Code1154 Words   |  5 PagesThere are several definition of source code, which makes regulating it difficult because different regulators may have varying conceptions of just what it is, and as a result, what kinds of rules should attach to it. The general definition of source code that most people acknowledge is â€Å"the version of software as it is originally written by a human in plain text† (Source Code). According to this definition, code is written by humans in order to create software, which can be any operating system,Read MoreWorld Financial Crisis Requires Regulation of Entire Financial System784 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction Economists throughout the world have agreed that there is a need of regulation of the financial system in its entirety. This is because, as the financial crisis from 2008 has shown, the micro orientated regulation measures do not suffice. They neglect the build-up of systemic risk and the interconnections within the financial system, which have shown to lead to the amplification of the effects of shocks. Therefore, as a complement to the microprudential framework, a new type of regulationRead MoreThe Primary Social Problem Addressed By The Valor House1035 Words   |  5 Pagesthe definition of chronically homeless that will be used by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Continuum of Care (CoC) Program, and in the Consolidated Submissions for Community Planning and Development (CPD) Programs. This is of significant importance because the definition of homelessness determines who is eligible to access services provided by the Veterans Administration. Because the Val or House receives funding from the VA the Valor House must follow the definition providedRead MoreAccounting Fraud721 Words   |  3 Pagesyou MUST write next to these sections, what paragraph in your essay the ideas will be used in. i.e. Definition paragraph, BP1, BP2, BP3. (BP = Body paragraph). Note: Students should aim to have 3-4 in text references per paragraph – see model essay in text book p. 109 Name: Thao__________________________Term _ /2014_ Title: How has Vietnam’s response to the global financial crisis helped its manufacturing sector remain viable and other factors should be considered to protectRead MoreNew Approaches and Tools Brought by the Evolution of Enviornmental Auditing1320 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironmental and energy policy. Throughout our presentation we will be focusing on comparing and contrasting environmental audits and energy audits. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS Assurance and Accountability Similar to a financial statement audit, the accountability relationship for an environmental audit can be represented by the triangle where the auditor is responsible for expressing a conclusion to the users based on the efficiency and effectiveness of an organizations policies and procedures regardingRead MoreImplementation Of A Strategic Management System835 Words   |  4 Pages This paper extends the REA framework to include broader definitions of the model terms and encompass the balanced scorecard’s learning and growth perspective information requirements. The balanced scorecard includes financial and nonfinancial measures from which performance is compared to as part of a strategic management system. The REA framework focuses on economic activity (very close to the traditional accounting view) whereas the balanced scorecard goes beyond economic information to includeRead MoreWhat Are The Best Practices For A Cio Policy Per The Irs? Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesconf licts of interest policy which is meant to protect the Corporations interest when it is entering transactions that might benefit the private interest of an individual heavily involved in or employed with the Corporation. ISSUE: Issue #1: Who does the current COI policy apply to? Issue #2: Does the current COI policy apply to lower level employees? What is considered lower level employee? Issue #3: What are the best practices for a CIO policy per the IRS? Issue #4: Does our COI policy comply with theseRead MoreComparing the Gaap and Ifrs1051 Words   |  5 Pageson with regard to the replacement of GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) with IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) as used in the accounting and financial reporting aspects. Such convergence requires that the functions of the GAAP standards be added to the IFRS. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) developed the IFRS which is a less-detailed financial reporting system. This paper seeks to analyze the GAAP and the IFRS, their mandate and functions. FurtherRead MoreDiscuss the Assertion That the Fair Presentation Requirements of Ias1 Will Undermine the Uk’s View of True and Fair.1743 Words   |  7 Pagesthe concept for United States, the latter is used in the UK, EU, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand. The IASB job is to prepare a â€Å"high quality global accounting standard that requires transparent and comparable information in general purposes financial statements†. According to the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) the fair presentation is the concept which should be used, while the UK’s company act believe it’s the true and fair view ( TFV). The latest version of International accounting

Essay on Grolsch Beer Advertisement - 862 Words

Grolsch Beer: Using the Artistic Approach The advertisement for Grolsch beer, taken from the May 28, 1998 issue of Rolling Stone features Vincent Van Gogh’s Self-portrait. Grolsch beer uses three important components of argument (ethos, pathos, logos) to support their claim. However, logos is the most important because the audience must be able to logically interpret the ad. The advertisement connects with the audience by appealing to the reader’s logic of art history, while establishing a reputation of quality and credibility with the Grolsch name. Relying heavily on logos, the makers of this advertisement depend on the readers knowledge of the history of art and specifically of Van Gogh. The main text of the advertisement†¦show more content†¦Grolsch beer is attempting to prove that its beer is more desirable than other brands. It conveys the message that if you are willing to spend more on its beer, then the quality you receive is well worth the extra money. Finally, the claim of policy is found in the latter portion of this statement in the phrase enjoy it responsibly. Claims of policy assert that specific policies should be instituted as solutions to problems. Drinking alcoholic beverages can create many problems such as drunk driving accidents. Grolsch claims that if people drink their beer they can remain responsible. This statement is far from true, but is meant to bring together the claims of fact and value. Grolsch beer has been Master Dutch brewed since 1615, and its quality is ensured by this length on the market. The makers of the ad are trying to say that Grolsch beer is so high in virtue that it keeps people responsible when they drink. Grolsch also establishes its ethos by emphasizing the quality of its beer. The lower portion of the page contains the phrase Master Dutch Brewers Since 1615. The date in this statement is almost four hundred years old. The makers of this ad are hoping that people will assume that their beer has great quality since it has withstood the test of time. Therefore, GrolschShow MoreRelatedGlobal Forces and the European Brewing Industry1576 Words   |  7 Pagesthe cost of overall manufacturing. PESTEL Political factors: * Government organising public events in order to make public aware about the effects of alcohol consumption on the health. * Government is imposing restrictions on consumption of beer and alcohol products. * If anyone is influenced by alcohol in doing crime they are fined with high penalty. (The European Brewing Industry, 1999) Economic factors: * TheRead MoreTrue Brand Loyalty1659 Words   |  7 Pagesproduct? Nowadays companies still greatly appreciate the answer to this question but they have also realized that getting customers is not the only thing they need to do. In todays rapidly moving world consumers dont stick with products for life. Advertisements and an increased feeling of independence have created consumers that will switch brands or products as soon as the feel the need to do so. What companys look for in this consumer environment is creating a so-called brand loyalty. This paperRead MoreHeineken Swot Analysis10783 Words   |  44 PagesHeineken Beer Market Executive Summary Chapter 1 analyze threats Heineken is facing and opportunities the company can get from the beer market by using two model PESTLE and Porter Five Forces. PESTLE describe what difficulties come from external environmental factors that the company is facing and Porter five force analyze the threats as well as opportunities of Heineken in suppliers, buyers, competitors, substitutes and new entrant. OT factors in SWOT analysis also use to define in chapter 1 forRead MoreEssay on Heineken Business Analyses15259 Words   |  62 PagesHeineken their strategy three important words: improve, empower and impact. The second chapter contains the analyses of the beer-industry. This analyze is described through the five forces of Porter. For example the bargaining power of buyers, consumers have many choices of different beer brands in the supermarket. If Heineken increase the prices they can choose another beer brand. In the third chapter we have compared the financial performance of Heineken with the biggest competitors in theRead MoreThe International Beer Industry – Opportunities for Carlsberg19029 Words   |  77 PagesDepartment of Economics Author: Bachelor Thesis Anne Mette Lund Madsen Gina Helland Hauge Advisor: Valdemar Smith The International Beer Industry – Opportunities for Carlsberg The Aarhus School of Business 2009 Abstract In this thesis there has been an evaluation of the strategy followed by Carlsberg in the Western and Northern European beer market and the objective was to find out if their current strategy is the right one for the company. This market was chosen because it is stagnatingRead MoreFormula One24819 Words   |  100 Pagespaying the requisite fee) has become a common practice in association with many sporting events, and especially Formula One sponsorship (Key Note, 2000). In Germany, for example, Grolsch, a German beer brand, was sponsoring the Channel RTL broadcast of the Hockenheim Grand Prix, this greatly reduced the benefits other beer brands, like Veltins, Beck’s and Warsteiner were receiving through their team sponsorships. 2.3.4 Formula One Sponsorship Levels The eleven Formula One teams offer five levelsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMcGraw−Hill Companies, 2005 40 Chapter 2 Images of Managing Change Supplemental Reading Anderson, L. A., and Anderson, D. 2001. Awake at the wheel: Moving beyond change management to conscious change leadership. OD Practitioner 33(3):4–10. Beer, M., and Nohria, N., eds. 2000. Breaking the code of change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kanter, R. M., Stein, B. A., and Jick, T. D. 1992. The challenge of organizational change: How companies experience it and leaders guide it. Free Press:Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagescommercialisation was too much and urged ‘fans to exercise their consumer choice and just not buy the products of the club or the products of the company and the products of the sponsors’. (Products under threat included Nike, Audi cars, Budweiser beer and Ladbrokes bookmakers.) Main sponsors Vodafone pulled out of a deal worth  £9m but new sponsors formed a queue, unfazed by the threat. Meanwhile, matters on the ï ¬ eld were becoming problematic. Domestically, Chelsea (bankrolled by t he personal fortune

Financial Accounting AASB Framework

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Accounting for AASB Framework. Answer: Introduction In the given case study, Queenslander is guarantor for bank loan of an employee. The loan amount will be considered as liability for the company that needs to be paid if the employees default to pay the loan. According to the AASB framework liabilities are future sacrifices of the economic benefits than an organization is obliged to pay the liability amount (AASB 2, 2007). The liability amount should e recognized in the financial statements when it is probable that future sacrifices of the economic benefits would be required and the liability amount can be reliably measured. Therefore, the bank loan amount will be shown in the liability side of the balance sheet. The shares received by a company are to be presented in the balance sheet. Queenslander Ltd received 500 shares that are trading currently at $2 per share (Berk and DeMarzo, 2007). According to the AASB the balance sheet should include Number of authorized shares Number of shares paid and issued Par value of the shares Reconciliation of outstanding shares Shares in the company held by its associates or subsidiaries The company Queenslander Ltd has received 500 shares as a gift from a customer trading at $2 per share. The share amount will not be included in the financial statements as it is a gift given by the customer (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). The panoramic views of sunshine coast hinterland from cafes windows will help to attract large number of customers. The environment helps to attract customer and it will be consider as asset for the company (Godfrey and Chalmers, 2007). The cafe is the asset that helps to increase sales of the products and increase in profitability. Assets are the futures economic benefits that are controlled by the company. The assets should be recognized in the financial statements of the company only when it is probable that the economic benefits in future embodied in assets would eventuate and asset posses the cost that can be reliably measured (Hillier, 2010). The assets value shows the financial position of the company and ability of the company to pay off the obligations. In the given case study, the revaluation model has been adopted by the company for the measurement of machinery. The fair value of the machinery has not declined and the director argues that no depreciation expense should be recognized (Holton, 2012). According to AASB, noncurrent assets or fixed assets that have limited lives should be depreciated and to be shown in the balance sheet of the company. The depreciable amount of the assets should allocate on systematic basis over the useful life. The method of depreciation applied to the asset should reflect the patterns in which the future economic benefits of the assets are lost or consumed by the organization (Moles, 2011). The allocation of depreciable amount should recognize as the expense and also includes the carrying amount of the other assets. The estimation of the useful life of the depreciable asset should include the following factors: Expected physical tear and wear Legal limits on use of the asset Obsolescence The depreciation amount should be allocated from the time when the asset was first put into use. In the given case study, there has been no decline in the fair value of machinery and hence depreciation expense should be recognized. The fair value of machinery has not decreased which means that the value remains same (Oppermann, 2009). Therefore, it shows that the value of machinery remains same and there is no depreciation expense. The AASB standard defines that fair value is the price that will be received after the sale of the asset from a transaction between the market participants. Therefore, while measuring the fair value of the asset a company should take into account the nature of the asset. The depreciation expense is calculated on the fair value of the asset and if there is no difference in the fair value then it means that that there is no depreciation expense (Picker, 2009). The depreciation expense is shown in the income statement and the value of the asset is recorded in the asset side of the balance sheet. The depreciation expense shows the decrease in the value of asset. Therefore, the fair value of machinery does not decline which means there is no depreciation expense. The company sharks Ltd is growing rapidly in the market and has build its market reputation. Some of the investors have doubts about the organization as they are uneasy with the accounting policies adopted by the company. The cost of direct mailings, marketing costs and purchased customer list are shown as noncurrent assets. Therefore, it would be better for the company to mention the costs under intangible assets (Stittle and Wearing, 2008). Intangible assets are the assets that are not physical in nature. Companies frequently use resources and incur liabilities for the acquisition, enhancement and development of the intangible resources such as technical or scientific knowledge, implementation and design of new systems or processes, intellectual property, trademarks, intellectual property and licenses. The cost of direct mailing should be included in intangible asset as it is not physical in nature and would be considered as current asset not fixed asset (Wild, 2005). It will decre ase the risk of the company as because there is no guarantee that the customers would be acquired and retained from the direct mailing. The company has also purchased list of customers from competitors on July 4, 2016 for an amount of $800,000. It is also shown as noncurrent asset. The company estimates that the list will generate sales for another 2 years. There is a risk of generating sales for the company and it should not be included in the noncurrent assets (Wolf, 2008). The amount should be recognizing as intangible asset under current asset. The intangible can be turned and liquidated into cash. The marketing cost is also mentioned under the non current asset. The marketing cost does not ensure increase in sales or profitability of the company. Therefore, it should be included in the intangible assets and not in noncurrent assets. The marketing practices of the company can also be replicated easily and therefore it should be recognize as intangible asset. According to the AASB standards, intangible assets should be shown under current assets and it can be easily converted into cash. The intangible asset should be recognized only if there is a probability of expected economic benefits in future that are attributable to asset would flow to the organization and the assets cost can be reliably measures (Berk and DeMarzo, 2007). The recognition of the assets as intangible will help to solve the problems of the investors. In the given case study, Bird Ltd was responsible for the people who became ill due to the food poisoning from the product sold by the company. The liability for the legal damages should be shown in the balance sheet as at June 30, 2017. The liabilities are the obligations of the organization arising from the past events that is expected to result in the outflow from the organization of resources. The financial statements of the company have been published and it is important to recognize the legal damages in the liabilities account (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). The legal damages can be shown in the next accounting period as because the financial statement has already been released by the company. According to the AASB, the organizations have to prepare their financial statements at the end of the financial accounting year which shows the market value. The increase or decrease in liability will help the debt level of the company. The act was considered as a liability for the company a s because it leads to serious illness of 100 people in the event (Godfrey and Chalmers, 2007). The liabilities side in the balance sheet will show the legal damage and it will be represented in the next accounting year. According the AASB framework, liabilities are legal obligations for the companies that need to be paid by the company. The information was received after two week publication of the financial statements and it would not be altered. The financial statements should show the exact value of the company. Liabilities are the obligations that arise from past event and should be an outflow of the economic benefits. The increase in liabilities means increase in debt level of the company (Holton, 2012). The AASB framework explains the liabilities that to be shown in the balance sheet of financial statements. References AASB 2. (2007). Melbourne: Australian Accounting Standards Board. Berk, J. and DeMarzo, P. (2007).Corporate finance. Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008).Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Godfrey, J. and Chalmers, K. (2007).Globalisation of accounting standards. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Hillier, D. (2010).Corporate finance. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Holton, R. (2012).Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Moles, P. (2011).Corporate finance. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Oppermann, H. (2009).Accounting standards. Lansdowne: Juta. Picker, R. (2009).Australian accounting standards. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd. Stittle, J. and Wearing, B. (2008).Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Wild, J. (2005).Financial accounting. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Wolf, M. (2008).Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Tuberculosis Essays - Tuberculosis, , Term Papers

Tuberculosis Among us today there are thousands of diseases out in the world, most are curable, some don't even have names. Well by the end of this paper you should learn about one more disease called Tuberculosis that will help you understand more about the infectious agents that threaten our lives today and how to control them, especially Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is the increasingly spreading disease in the world and causes more deaths today then ever before. ( www. homepage.holowww.com) TB Global Emergency)) It kills 8,000 people a day that is 2-3 million people a year. It has surpassed the Aids community overall and is responsible for more deaths among the young and adults in the world today. ( www. homepage.holowww.com) TB Global Emergency)) To find out why Tuberculosis is causing all these problems you have to go to the source and find out what it is. Tuberculosis (TB), chronic or acute bacterial infection that primarily attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (AMA) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacteria that is an obligate aerobe, rod shaped, acid fast, that has a characteristic mycolic acid cell wall. Generation time (time to create two bacteria from one) 18-24 hours Diagnostic test - PPD skin test, and x-rays. (Merck's Manual) Tuberculosis is a disease that can damage a person's lungs and causes serious illness. TB is usually transmitted by bacteria-carrying air droplets that are released when a person sick with TB coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Inhaled bacteria lodge in the lungs and multiply. Only 5 to 10 percent of those infected actually become sick. Once it is contracted, the disease can occur in a primary and a secondary stage. (AMA) When this occurs is causes the two stages of TB. The Primary TB produces no noticeable symptoms. Immune system cells ingest the TB bacteria and transport them to the lymph nodes where they may be destroyed or inhibited. TB is not contagious in the early stage. If the bacteria multiply, then active primary tuberculosis develops. Symptoms include coughing, night sweats, weight loss, and fever. If the bacteria are inhibited, the immune cells form a wall around inactive bacteria, producing a tubercle. As long as the immune system remains strong, the TB bacteria are inactive, and they may remain dormant for many years. If the immune system becomes weakened, the tubercle opens, and the infection may develop into secondary TB. (AMA) In secondary TB, bacteria destroy tissue in the lungs and may spread to the rest of the body. Fluid or air may collect between the lungs and the lining of the lungs, while tubercles continue to develop, destroying lung tissue. Coughing of blood or phlegm may occur. At this secondary stage, carriers of TB can infect others. (AMA) So how big of a problem is Tuberculosis? In 1993, the World health Organization (WHO) took an unprecedented step and declared tuberculosis a global emergency, so great was the concern about the modern TB epidemic. It is estimated that between now and 2020, nearly one billion more people will be newly infected, 200 million people will get sick, and 70 million will die from TB - if control is not strengthened. People with the active disease left untreated, will infect on average between 10 and 15 people in each year. Someone in the world is newly infected with TB every second. Nearly one percent of the world's population is infected with TB each year. (trc-chennai.org/dots.htm) Why isn't it such a big deal? Why, don't we hear about it in the United States everyday? The problem is that most of the world's population that is infected with the TB disease are stationed in the poor societies of the world. For instance the worlds biggest Tuberculosis outbreak is in poor countries like India, and small African countries. These are the countries that hold the most population and a disease outbreak in one of them will spread with no control cause they have no technology to help cure them or knowledge to stop the spreading of the deadly disease. TB kills 2 to 3 million people each year. TB accounts for more than one-quarter of all preventable adult deaths in developing countries. 7 to 8 million people around the world become sick with TB each year. Between 1993 and 1996 there was a 13 percent increase in TB cases worldwide. Nearly 2 million TB cases per year occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Nearly 3 million TB cases per year occur in Southeast Asia. Over a quarter of a million TB cases per year occur in